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The main use of ethylene glycol is as a means for convective heat transfer in automobiles and liquid-cooled computers. Ethylene glycol is also widely used as a refrigerant for chilled water air conditioning systems. Here it places the chiller or air handlers outside or the water needs to be cooled down to below freezing temperature.

In geothermal heating/cooling systems, ethylene glycol is the fluid that carries the heat using a geothermal heat pump. Ethylene glycol gains energy from the source (lake, ocean, water well) or distributes the heat to the sink, depending on whether the system is used for heating or cooling.

Ethylene glycol is used as antifreeze. Pure ethylene glycol freezes at about -12°C (10.4°F), but when mixed with water the mixture freezes at a lower temperature. For example, a mixture of 60% ethylene glycol and 40% water freezes at -45°C (-49°F). Diethylene glycol behaves in a similar way. The lowering of the freezing point of some mixtures can be explained as a colligative property of the solutions, but in highly concentrated mixtures such as the example, deviations from ideal solution behavior are expected due to the influence of intermolecular forces.

There is a difference in the mixing ratio depending on whether it is ethylene glycol or propylene glycol. Mixing ratios for ethylene glycol are typically 30/70 and 35/65, while propylene glycol mixing ratios are typically 35/65 and 40/60. It is important that the mixture is freeze resistant at the lowest operating temperature.

In the plastics industry, ethylene glycol is an important precursor for polyester fibers and resins. Polyethylene terephthalate, used to make plastic bottles for soft drinks, is made from ethylene glycol.

Ethylene glycol is used in the natural gas industry in much the same way as triethylene glycol (TEG) to remove water vapor from natural gas prior to further processing.

Because of its high boiling point and affinity for water, ethylene glycol is a useful desiccant. Ethylene glycol is widely used to prevent the formation of natural gas hydrates in long multiphase pipelines that transport natural gas from remote gas fields to a gas processing plant. Ethylene glycol can be recovered from natural gas and reused as an inhibitor after treatment that removes water and inorganic salts.

Therefore, ethylene glycol is used as a liquid transfer agent in this sector.

It can be used in the production of substances such as synthetic selectins, lubricants, solvents, surfactants, emollients, explosives and humectants.

In the pharmaceutical and tanning industry, glycol can be used in place of glycerol as a solvent and hydration agent.

By adding it to the hydraulic fluid, ethylene glycol can be used to prevent the system from melting the oil-based hydraulic fluid on the rubber.

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